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Category: Multimedia Encyclopedia

A multimedia encyclopedia containing articles, photo galleries, and videos ranging from A—Z for topics concerning laryngology.

Delayed swallow reflex

Disorders

Delayed Swallow Reflex

Delayed swallow reflex refers to when a person’s automatic swallow reflex—which normally kicks in when liquid or chewed food in the mouth reaches the base of the tongue—is hampered. Individuals with normal swallowing rarely notice or think about the action

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Disorders

Early Spillover

When, during the oral preparatory phase of swallowing (chewing, mixing with saliva), some of the liquid or food material escapes and begins to drain down into the hypopharynx. A tendency toward early spillover can accompany a poor ability to “organize”

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Disorders

Mixed AB-AD Spasmodic Dysphonia

Mixed AB-AD spasmodic dysphonia is the combination of both abductor (AB) and adductor (AD) vocal cord spasms in a person who has spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Most individuals with SD have a predominance of one spasm type or the other—AB or

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Disorders

Vocal self-rapport

The ability to relate to one’s voice and to hear and experience it insightfully. Vocal self-rapport includes being self-aware of pitch, effort level, quality, loudness, etc. Accomplished singers may have exquisite vocal self-rapport, being able to match pitch and be

puberphonia

Disorders

Puberphonia (Mutational Falsetto)

Puberphonia is the inappropriate persistence of higher-pitched prepubertal voice long after puberty and normal voice change. Also called mutational falsetto. Such individuals maintain something like their high-pitched, childhood voice by speaking in falsetto register. Diagnosis The cause of puberphonia is

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Disorders

Disorder of Vocal Loudness Perception

A lack of awareness or perception of one’s personal vocal “volume level” to the point that it is creating difficulty in one’s life. If asked to place oneself on a personal loudness scale from 1 to 7, most individuals can

feeding capillary

Disorders

Rheumatoid Nodules (“Bamboo Nodes”)

Rheumatoid nodules are white, fibrous submucosal nodules that can be located on the vocal cords. In that location, they are sometimes described as “bamboo nodes,” because they can be multiple, as seen in the figure to the right. Rheumatoid nodules

One week post-op, phonation

Disorders

Post-surgical Laryngitis

Post-surgical laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx, not from infectious organisms, but from irritation caused by a surgical procedure. By analogy, think of the redness around a knuckle that has an abrasion but is not infected. Post-surgical laryngitis is typically

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Disorders

Auto-Immune Laryngitis

Inflammation of the vocal cords, especially of the layer just beneath the mucosa, caused by an auto-immune disorder. Auto-immune disorders that can potentially cause laryngitis (albeit infrequently) include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, Wegener’s granulomatosis, and combined auto-immune disorder. Some individuals

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