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Articles, photo galleries, and videos ranging from A—Z for topics concerning laryngology.
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- Average/Anchor Frequency
- Auto-Immune Laryngitis
- Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice
- Atypical Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Aspiration
- Arytenoid Chondritis / Perichondritis
- Arytenoid Cartilages
- Aryepiglottic Cord
- Anterior Commissure Microweb
- Anterior Commissure
- Anterior
- Ankylosis
- Amyloidosis
- Amyloid
- Air-Wasting Dysphonia
- Aerodynamic Analysis of Voice
- Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
- Addition of Loudness
- Acoustic Analysis of the Voice
- Acid Reflux
- Achalasia
- Absent Swallow Reflex
- Abductor spasmodic dysphonia
- Abdominal Distention of R-CPD Including Before and After Botox Injection
- Cymetra™
- Cryptococcus Neoformans
- Croup
- Cricopharyngeus Muscle
- Cricopharyngeal Spasm
- Cricopharyngeal myotomy (CPM)
- Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (CPD)
- Creaky Voice
- Cough
- Contact Granuloma
- Conservation Surgery
- Composite Food
- Complete Voice Rest
- Commensal
- Combined Modality Treatment
- Classic Variant Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Cidofovir
- Chondroma
- Choking
- Chin Tuck Maneuver
- Cervical Osteophyte
- Ceiling Effect
- Cartilaginous Glottis
- Carcinoma In Situ (CIS)
- Carcinoma
- Capillary Ectasia
- Candida Laryngitis and Pharyngitis
- Candida Albicans
- Cancer
- Can’t Burp? Comprehensive Resources for R-CPD (in One Place)
- Involuntary Inspiratory Phonation
- Intubation Injury
- Intermittent Whisper Phonation
- Interferon (or Alpha-interferon)
- Integrative diagnostic model
- Inspiratory Phonation
- Inspiration
- Inpatient Surgery
- Injection Laryngoplasty
- Inflammatory Stenosis
- Inferior
- Indole-3-carbinol
- Indirect vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
- Indicator Lesions
- Inability to Initiate Swallow
- Inability to Burp or Belch
- Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
- Idiopathic
- IA-Only Paresis
- Luffing
- Lowered Vocal Ceiling
- Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
- Long Haul Covid-19 Breathing Tube Injuries Affecting Voice and Breathing
- Local Anesthesia
- Lidocaine
- Leukoplakia
- LCA-Only Paresis
- Laughing
- Lateral
- Latency
- Laser Surgery
- Laser
- Larynx Lipoma
- Larynx
- Laryngospasm
- Laryngoscopy
- Laryngopharynx Acid Reflux Disease (LPRD)
- Laryngopharynx
- Laryngomalacia Due to Breathing Tube Injury
- Laryngomalacia
- Laryngologist
- Laryngocele
- Laryngitis Sicca
- Laryngitis
- Laryngeal Videostroboscopy
- Laryngeal Vestibule
- Laryngeal Ventricle
- Laryngeal Penetration
- Laryngeal mirror examination
- Laryngeal Image Biofeedback (LIB)
- Laryngeal Examination
- Laryngeal electromyogram (LEMG)
- Laryngeal Dystonia
- Laryngeal Closure or Diversion for Aspiration
- La belle indifference
- Mycobacterium Abscessus: An Infection of the Larynx
- Muscular Tension Dysphonia (MTD)
- Multi-modality Treatment
- Mucus Retention Cyst
- Mucosal Edema or Swelling
- Mucosal Chatter
- Mucosal Bridge
- Mucosa
- Motivated Laryngeal Examination
- Modeling (during vocal capability battery)
- Mixed AB-AD Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Mitomycin C Topical Application
- Microlaryngoscopy
- Membranous Glottis
- Medialization Laryngoplasty
- Medial
- Maximum phonation time (MPT)
- Marfan Syndrome
- Macrophenomenology of Voice
- Pyriform Sinus
- Pulse Register
- Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
- Puberphonia
- Pseudo-asthma
- Projected Voice
- Primary Treatment
- Presbyphonia
- Presbyphagia
- Presbylarynx
- Postoperative Voice Use
- Posterior Pharyngeal Wall
- Posterior Commissuroplasty
- Posterior Commissure
- Posterior
- Post-swallow Hypopharyngeal Reflux
- Post-surgical Laryngitis
- Post-Radiation Telangiectasia
- Positive and Negative Practice
- Popping Onset
- Pooling
- Pontocaine
- Polypoid Degeneration
- Pitch
- Pill Dysphagia
- Phonatory Insufficiency
- Phonatory Gap
- Phonatory Arrest
- Phonation
- Phases of swallowing
- Pharynx Contraction
- Pharyngocutaneous Fistula
- Pharyngocele
- Pharyngeal Paralysis
- Pharyngeal Deviation
- Perimenopausal Voice Change
- Pemphigoid
- Pedunculated
- PCA-only Paresis
- Parkinson’s Disease-Related Voice Change
- Paralyzed Vocal Cords
- Paralytic Falsetto
- Palate Paralysis
- Palate Elevation
- Palate Deviation
- Palate
- Pachyderma
- Rheumatoid Nodules
- RevoLix laser
- Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction (R-CPD)
- Respiratory Dystonia
- Relative Voice Rest
- Reinke’s Edema
- Redundant Supraglottic Mucosa
- Reductionistic Diagnostic Model
- Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) and Other HPV-Induced Lesions
- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
- Radiation Mucositis
- R-CPD Esophageal Findings
- Symptom Complex
- Swelling Checks
- Swallowing Therapy
- Swallowing Phenomenology
- Swallowing Evaluation and Treatment
- Sustained Phonation
- Surgical results: before and after photos
- Supraglottis
- Supraglottic Web
- Supraglottic Swallow
- Supraglottic Phonation
- Supraglottic Laryngectomy
- Supraglottic Cyst
- Supportive Treatment
- Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Paralysis
- Superior
- Submucosal Fibrosis
- Subglottis
- Subglottic Stenosis
- Stroboscopy
- Stripping of Vocal Cords
- Stridor
- Straight tone
- Stenosis
- Squeezedown (of the voice)
- Spirometry
- Speech Pathologist
- Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD): Definition and Treatments
- Smoker’s Polyps
- SLAD-R
- Siren
- Single Modality Treatment
- Singing Voice Qualified
- Silent Aspiration
- Silastic
- Shimmer
- Shattered vibration
- Sessile
- Sensory Neuropathic Cough (SNC)
- Segmental Vibration
- Sedation
- Secondary Gain
- Scarring
- Sarcoma
- Saccular Cyst
- Trial Therapy
- Treatment for Sensory Neuropathic Cough
- Transverse Cordotomy
- Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE)
- Translucent Polyp
- Traditional diagnostic model (for voice disorders)
- Tracheotomy Tube
- Tracheotomy Dependence
- Tracheotomy
- Tracheomalacia
- Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis (TEP)
- Tracheoesophageal Party Wall
- Tracheal Resection and Reanastomosis
- Trachea
- Trace Aspiration
- Total Laryngectomy
- Torus Mandibularis
- Topical Anesthesia
- Tonic Variant Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Thyrohyoid Syndrome
- Thin Liquids
- Teflon
- Technology-driven diagnostic model
- Talkativeness Scale
- TA-only Paresis
- TA + LCA Paresis
- Voice Therapy
- Voice production
- Voice Fatigue Syndrome
- Voice evaluation
- Voice Building
- Vocologist
- Vocal “vincibility” Syndrome
- Vocal underdoer syndrome
- Vocal Tremor
- Vocal task
- Vocal self-rapport
- Vocal Process
- Vocal Polyp
- Vocal Phenomenology
- Vocal Overdoer Syndrome
- Vocal Nodules
- Vocal Microphenomenology
- Vocal Loudness Scale
- Vocal limitations
- Vocal Instability
- Vocal hygiene
- Vocal Fry Dysphonia
- Vocal fry
- Vocal Cord Synechia
- Vocal Cord Scissoring
- Vocal Cord Paresis
- Vocal Cord Paralysis, Unilateral
- Vocal Cord Paralysis, Bilateral
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)
- Vocal Cord Bruising
- Vocal Cord Bowing
- Vocal Commitments
- Vocal capability battery
- Vocal capabilities
- Vocal Aberration
- Viral Laryngitis
- Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS)
- Videoendoscopy
- Videoendoscopic Swallowing Study (VESS)
- Vibrato
- Verrucous Carcinoma
- Valsalva Maneuver
- Vallecular Cyst
- Vallecula
Search By Disorder
Airway Disorders
These are disorders that affect the upper airway, or manifestations of such disorders:
Involuntary inspiratory phonation
Nonorganic breathing disorder, laryngeal
(aka vocal cord dysfunction)
| Idiopathic subglottic stenosis
Nonorganic breathing disorder, tracheal
(aka nonorganic “asthma” or pseudo-asthma)
Coughing Disorders
Swallowing Disorders
These are disorders in which a person’s swallowing ability or function is affected:
Absent swallow reflex and delayed swallow reflex
| Gross aspiration vs. trace aspiration
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction (CPD)
Post-swallow hypopharyngeal reflux
Stenosis:
Benign Mucosal Lesions
These are benign lesions or conditions that occur in the larynx but, unlike vocal cord injuries, usually without correlation to voice use:
Contact granuloma (also see granulation tissue)
Keratosis (seen as leukoplakia)
Vocal Cord Vibratory Injuries
Common disorders that affect the voice are vibration-induced lesions, or injuries, of the surface layer of the vocal cords, called mucosa. This kind of injury usually happens when a person overuses or abuses his or her voice:
Polypoid degeneration
(aka Reinke’s edema or smoker’s polyps)
Tumors
Benign Tumors
A tumor is considered benign if it doesn’t pose the threat of invading or spreading to other tissues:
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
| Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
Malignant Tumors
A tumor is considered malignant if it has the potential to invade or spread to other tissues:
Inflammation / Laryngitis
Laryngitis is a general term for inflammation of the larynx. There are different variants and causes:
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
| Laryngopharynx acid reflux disease (LPRD)
Candida laryngitis and pharyngitis
| Caused by candida albicans, a commensal organism
Voice Disorders
Functional Voice Disorders
Functional voice disorders arise not from abnormality of the mechanism itself but instead from abnormal use of the mechanism, affected by personality or deficit of vocal skill, without discernible secondary gain.
Neurological Voice Disorders
Disorders of the nervous system (neurological) can affect the voice in different ways:
Spasmodic dysphonia, a kind of focal dystonia of the larynx; also, laryngeal dystonia
| Abductor spasmodic dysphonia; also called intermittent whisper phonation
| Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
| Atypical spasmodic dysphonia
| Classic variant spasmodic dysphonia
| Mixed AB-AD spasmodic dysphonia
| Tonic variant spasmodic dysphonia
| SLAD-R
| Vocal cord paralysis, bilateral
| Vocal cord paralysis, unilateral
| Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) paralysis
Parkinson’s disease-related voice change
Nonorganic Voice Disorder
Nonorganic voice disorders arise not from abnormality of the mechanism itself but instead from abnormal use of the mechanism, most often for conscious or subconscious secondary gain.
Miscellaneous Voice Disorders
These are other disorders that affect the voice or otherwise involve the larynx:
Arytenoid chondritis / perichondritis
Search By Diagnostics
Procedures & Tools
These procedures, tools, and materials are used to help diagnose a variety of voice, swallowing, airway, and coughing disorders:
Auditory perceptual evaluation of voice
| Laryngeal electromyogram (LEMG)
| Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE)
History of the present illness
| Laryngeal mirror examination
| “Motivated” laryngeal examination
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Videoendoscopic swallowing study (VESS)
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS)
Vocal capability battery, aka voice evaluation
| Modeling
Voice Phenomenology
Voice phenomenology refers to the audible features of a person’s voice or a person’s related behavior that might be noticed by an examining clinician, either during the person’s spontaneous voice use, or in response to various voice elicitations, as when conducting the vocal capability battery:
Methodologies
These different diagnostic models or methodologies affect which diagnostic procedures and tools are relied upon or, whether explicitly or in practice, viewed as optional:
Reductionistic or technology-driven diagnostic model
Types of Clinicians
These are the primary types of clinicians who focus on diagnosing and treating voice, swallowing, airway, and coughing disorders:
Miscellaneous Terms
These are other terms that pertain to the diagnosis of voice, swallowing, airway, and coughing disorders:
Objective measures of phonatory function
| Formant
| Hertz
| Jitter
| Shimmer
Pedunculated versus sessile
Search By Treatment
Treatment for Voice & Larynx Disorders
Procedures
These are various procedures used (or previously used) to treat disorders of the voice or larynx:
Injection laryngoplasty, aka medialization laryngoplasty
Laryngectomy:
Stripping of the vocal cord(s)
Tools & Materials
These are various tools and materials used (or previously used) to treat disorders of the voice or larynx:
Botulinum toxin, aka Botox™
Interferon (or alpha-interferon)
Tracheo-esophageal voice prosthesis
Treatment for Swallowing Disorders
These are some procedures and tools used to treat swallowing disorders:
Treatment for Airway Disorders
These are different procedures and tools used to treat disorders of the upper airway:
Other Useful Terms
Types of Procedures
These are general types or categories of procedures used for treatment:
Inpatient surgery vs. outpatient surgery
Common Tools
These are different tools used more generally in the process of treatment:
Local anesthesia vs. general anesthesia