Multimedia Encyclopedia
Articles, photo galleries, and videos ranging from A—Z for topics concerning laryngology.
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A
- Abdominal Distention of R-CPD Including Before and After Botox Injection
- Abductor spasmodic dysphonia
- Absent Swallow Reflex
- Achalasia
- Acid Reflux
- Acoustic Analysis of the Voice
- Addition of Loudness
- Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
- Aerodynamic Analysis of Voice
- Air-Wasting Dysphonia
- Amyloid
- Amyloidosis
- Ankylosis
- Anterior
- Anterior Commissure
- Anterior Commissure Microweb
- Aryepiglottic Cord
- Arytenoid Cartilages
- Arytenoid Chondritis / Perichondritis
- Aspiration
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Atypical Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice
- Auto-Immune Laryngitis
- Average/Anchor Frequency
- A Trail to Sensory Neuropathic Cough
B
C
- Cancer
- Candida Albicans
- Candida Laryngitis and Pharyngitis
- Can’t Burp? Comprehensive Resources for R-CPD (in One Place)
- Can’t Burp? Here Are the Symptoms of R-CPD
- Capillary Ectasia
- Carcinoma
- Carcinoma In Situ (CIS)
- Cartilaginous Glottis
- Ceiling Effect
- Cervical Osteophyte
- Chin Tuck Maneuver
- Choking
- Chondroma
- Cidofovir
- Classic Variant Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Combined Modality Treatment
- Commensal
- Complete Voice Rest
- Composite food
- Conservation Surgery
- Contact Granuloma
- Cough
- Creaky Voice
- Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (CPD)
- Cricopharyngeal myotomy (CPM)
- Cricopharyngeal Spasm
- Cricopharyngeus Muscle
- Cricopharyngeus Spasm and What to Do About It
- Croup
- Cryptococcus Neoformans
- Cymetra™
D
E
- Early Spillover
- Early Vocal Cord Cancer: Remove with a Laser, or Radiate?
- Effortful Swallow Technique
- Electroglottography (EGG)
- Electromyogram (EMG)
- Elicitation
- Endoscopic Surgery
- Endotracheal Tube
- Epidermoid Cyst
- Epiglottis
- Esophageal Manometry
- Esophageal Stenosis
- Esophagoscopy
- Esophagus
- Essential Voice Tremor
- Exercise Intolerance
- Expiration
F
G
H
I
- IA-Only Paresis
- Idiopathic
- Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
- Inability to Burp or Belch
- Inability to Initiate Swallow
- Indicator Lesions
- Indirect vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
- Indole-3-carbinol
- Inferior
- Inflammatory Stenosis
- Injection Laryngoplasty
- Inpatient surgery
- Inspiration
- Inspiratory Phonation
- Integrative diagnostic model
- Interferon (or Alpha-interferon)
- Intermittent Whisper Phonation
- Intubation Injury
- Involuntary Inspiratory Phonation
L
- Laryngeal closure or diversion for aspiration
- Laryngeal Dystonia
- Laryngeal electromyogram (LEMG)
- Laryngeal Examination
- Laryngeal Image Biofeedback (LIB)
- Laryngeal mirror examination
- Laryngeal Penetration
- Laryngeal Ventricle
- Laryngeal Vestibule
- Laryngeal Videostroboscopy
- Laryngitis
- Laryngitis Sicca
- Laryngocele
- Laryngologist
- Laryngomalacia
- Laryngomalacia Due to Breathing Tube Injury
- Laryngopharynx
- Laryngopharynx Acid Reflux Disease (LPRD)
- Laryngoscopy
- Laryngospasm
- Larynx
- Larynx Lipoma
- Laser
- Laser Surgery
- Latency
- Lateral
- Laughing
- La belle indifference
- LCA-Only Paresis
- Leukoplakia
- Lidocaine
- Local Anesthesia
- Long Haul Covid-19 Breathing Tube Injuries Affecting Voice and Breathing
- Lowered Vocal Ceiling
- Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
- Luffing
M
- Macrophenomenology of Voice
- Marfan Syndrome
- Maximum phonation time (MPT)
- Medial
- Medialization Laryngoplasty
- Medical Jadedness and Treatment of Sensory Neuropathic Cough
- Membranous Glottis
- Microlaryngoscopy
- Mitomycin C Topical Application
- Mixed AB-AD Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Modeling (during vocal capability battery)
- Motivated Laryngeal Examination
- Mucosa
- Mucosal Bridge
- Mucosal Chatter
- Mucosal Edema or Swelling
- Mucus Retention Cyst
- Multi-modality Treatment
- Muscular Tension Dysphonia (MTD)
- Mycobacterium Abscessus: An Infection of the Larynx
N
O
P
- Pachyderma
- Palate
- Palate Deviation
- Palate Elevation
- Palate Paralysis
- Paralytic Falsetto
- Paralyzed Vocal Cords
- Parkinson’s Disease-Related Voice Change
- PCA-only Paresis
- Pedunculated
- Pemphigoid
- Perimenopausal Voice Change
- Pharyngeal Deviation
- Pharyngeal Paralysis
- Pharyngocele
- Pharyngocutaneous Fistula
- Pharynx Contraction
- Phases of swallowing
- Phonation
- Phonatory Arrest
- Phonatory Gap
- Phonatory Insufficiency
- Pill Dysphagia
- Pitch
- Polypoid Degeneration
- Pontocaine
- Pooling
- Popping Onset
- Positive/Negative Practice
- Posterior
- Posterior Commissure
- Posterior Commissuroplasty
- Posterior Pharyngeal Wall
- Postoperative Voice Use
- Post-Radiation Telangiectasia
- Post-surgical Laryngitis
- Post-swallow hypopharyngeal reflux
- Presbylarynx
- Presbyphagia
- Presbyphonia
- Primary Treatment
- Projected Voice
- Pseudo-asthma
- Puberphonia
- Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
- Pulse Register
- Pyriform Sinus
Q
R
- Radiation Mucositis
- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
- Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) and Other HPV-Induced Lesions
- Reductionistic diagnostic model
- Redundant Supraglottic Mucosa
- Reinke’s Edema
- Relative Voice Rest
- Respiratory Dystonia
- Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction (R-CPD)
- RevoLix laser
- Rheumatoid Nodules
- R-CPD Esophageal Findings
S
- Saccular Cyst
- Sarcoma
- Scarring
- Secondary Gain
- Sedation
- Segmental Vibration
- Sensory Neuropathic Cough (SNC)
- Sessile
- Shattered vibration
- Shimmer
- Silastic
- Silent Aspiration
- Singing voice qualified
- Single Modality Treatment
- Siren
- SLAD-R
- Smoker’s Polyps
- Spasmodic Dysphonia: Definition and Treatments
- Speech Pathologist
- Spirometry
- Squeezedown (of the voice)
- Stenosis
- Still Coughing After COVID-19?
- Straight tone
- Stridor
- Stripping of Vocal Cords
- Stroboscopy
- Subglottic Stenosis
- Subglottis
- Submucosal Fibrosis
- Superior
- Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Paralysis
- Supportive Treatment
- Supraglottic Cyst
- Supraglottic laryngectomy
- Supraglottic Phonation
- Supraglottic Swallow
- Supraglottic Web
- Supraglottis
- Surgical results: before and after photos
- Sustained Phonation
- Swallowing Evaluation and Treatment
- Swallowing Phenomenology
- Swallowing Therapy
- Swelling Checks
- Swelling Checks to Detect Vibratory (Overuse) Injury to the Surface Tissue (Mucosa) of the Vocal Cords
- Symptom Complex
T
- Talkativeness Scale
- TA + LCA Paresis
- TA-only Paresis
- Technology-driven diagnostic model
- Teflon
- The Gasping Syndrome
- The Use of Capsaicin for Sensory Neuropathic Cough
- Thin Liquids
- Thyrohyoid Syndrome
- Tonic Variant Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Topical Anesthesia
- Torus Mandibularis
- Total Laryngectomy
- Trace Aspiration
- Trachea
- Tracheal Resection and Reanastomosis
- Tracheoesophageal Party Wall
- Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis (TEP)
- Tracheomalacia
- Tracheotomy
- Tracheotomy Dependence
- Tracheotomy Tube
- Traditional diagnostic model (for voice disorders)
- Translucent Polyp
- Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE)
- Transverse cordotomy
- Treatment for Sensory Neuropathic Cough
- Trial Therapy
V
- Vallecula
- Vallecular Cyst
- Valsalva Maneuver
- Verrucous Carcinoma
- Vibrato
- Videoendoscopic Swallowing Study (VESS)
- Videoendoscopy
- Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS)
- Viral Laryngitis
- Vocal Aberration
- Vocal capabilities
- Vocal capability battery
- Vocal Commitments
- Vocal Cord Bowing
- Vocal Cord Bruising
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)
- Vocal Cord Paralysis, Bilateral
- Vocal Cord Paralysis, Unilateral
- Vocal Cord Paresis
- Vocal Cord Scissoring
- Vocal Cord Synechia
- Vocal fry
- Vocal Fry Dysphonia
- Vocal hygiene
- Vocal Instability
- Vocal limitations
- Vocal Loudness Scale
- Vocal Microphenomenology
- Vocal Nodules
- Vocal Overdoer Syndrome
- Vocal Phenomenology
- Vocal Polyp
- Vocal Process
- Vocal self-rapport
- Vocal task
- Vocal Tremor
- Vocal underdoer syndrome
- Vocal Underdoer Syndrome: When Voice Rest or Restraint Only Hurts
- Vocal “vincibility” syndrome
- Vocologist
- Voice Building
- Voice evaluation
- Voice Fatigue Syndrome
- Voice production
- Voice Therapy
W
Search By Disorder
Airway Disorders
These are disorders that affect the upper airway, or manifestations of such disorders:
Involuntary inspiratory phonation
Nonorganic breathing disorder, laryngeal
(aka vocal cord dysfunction)
| Idiopathic subglottic stenosis
Nonorganic breathing disorder, tracheal
(aka nonorganic “asthma” or pseudo-asthma)
Coughing Disorders
Swallowing Disorders
These are disorders in which a person’s swallowing ability or function is affected:
Absent swallow reflex and delayed swallow reflex
| Gross aspiration vs. trace aspiration
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction (CPD)
Post-swallow hypopharyngeal reflux
Stenosis:
Benign Mucosal Lesions
These are benign lesions or conditions that occur in the larynx but, unlike vocal cord injuries, usually without correlation to voice use:
Contact granuloma (also see granulation tissue)
Keratosis (seen as leukoplakia)
Vocal Cord Vibratory Injuries
Common disorders that affect the voice are vibration-induced lesions, or injuries, of the surface layer of the vocal cords, called mucosa. This kind of injury usually happens when a person overuses or abuses his or her voice:
Polypoid degeneration
(aka Reinke’s edema or smoker’s polyps)
Tumors
Benign Tumors
A tumor is considered benign if it doesn’t pose the threat of invading or spreading to other tissues:
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
| Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
Malignant Tumors
A tumor is considered malignant if it has the potential to invade or spread to other tissues:
Inflammation / Laryngitis
Laryngitis is a general term for inflammation of the larynx. There are different variants and causes:
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
| Laryngopharynx acid reflux disease (LPRD)
Candida laryngitis and pharyngitis
| Caused by candida albicans, a commensal organism
Voice Disorders
Functional Voice Disorders
Functional voice disorders arise not from abnormality of the mechanism itself but instead from abnormal use of the mechanism, affected by personality or deficit of vocal skill, without discernible secondary gain.
Neurological Voice Disorders
Disorders of the nervous system (neurological) can affect the voice in different ways:
Spasmodic dysphonia, a kind of focal dystonia of the larynx; also, laryngeal dystonia
| Abductor spasmodic dysphonia; also called intermittent whisper phonation
| Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
| Atypical spasmodic dysphonia
| Classic variant spasmodic dysphonia
| Mixed AB-AD spasmodic dysphonia
| Tonic variant spasmodic dysphonia
| SLAD-R
| Vocal cord paralysis, bilateral
| Vocal cord paralysis, unilateral
| Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) paralysis
Parkinson’s disease-related voice change
Nonorganic Voice Disorder
Nonorganic voice disorders arise not from abnormality of the mechanism itself but instead from abnormal use of the mechanism, most often for conscious or subconscious secondary gain.
Miscellaneous Voice Disorders
These are other disorders that affect the voice or otherwise involve the larynx:
Arytenoid chondritis / perichondritis
Search By Diagnostics
Procedures & Tools
These procedures, tools, and materials are used to help diagnose a variety of voice, swallowing, airway, and coughing disorders:
Auditory perceptual evaluation of voice
| Laryngeal electromyogram (LEMG)
| Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE)
History of the present illness
| Laryngeal mirror examination
| “Motivated” laryngeal examination
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Videoendoscopic swallowing study (VESS)
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS)
Vocal capability battery, aka voice evaluation
| Modeling
Voice Phenomenology
Voice phenomenology refers to the audible features of a person’s voice or a person’s related behavior that might be noticed by an examining clinician, either during the person’s spontaneous voice use, or in response to various voice elicitations, as when conducting the vocal capability battery:
Methodologies
These different diagnostic models or methodologies affect which diagnostic procedures and tools are relied upon or, whether explicitly or in practice, viewed as optional:
Reductionistic or technology-driven diagnostic model
Types of Clinicians
These are the primary types of clinicians who focus on diagnosing and treating voice, swallowing, airway, and coughing disorders:
Miscellaneous Terms
These are other terms that pertain to the diagnosis of voice, swallowing, airway, and coughing disorders:
Objective measures of phonatory function
| Formant
| Hertz
| Jitter
| Shimmer
Pedunculated versus sessile
Search By Treatment
Treatment for Voice & Larynx Disorders
Procedures
These are various procedures used (or previously used) to treat disorders of the voice or larynx:
Injection laryngoplasty, aka medialization laryngoplasty
Laryngectomy:
Stripping of the vocal cord(s)
Tools & Materials
These are various tools and materials used (or previously used) to treat disorders of the voice or larynx:
Botulinum toxin, aka Botox™
Interferon (or alpha-interferon)
Tracheo-esophageal voice prosthesis
| Relative voice rest and complete voice rest
Treatment for Swallowing Disorders
These are some procedures and tools used to treat swallowing disorders:
Treatment for Airway Disorders
These are different procedures and tools used to treat disorders of the upper airway:
Other Useful Terms
Types of Procedures
These are general types or categories of procedures used for treatment:
Inpatient surgery vs. outpatient surgery
Common Tools
These are different tools used more generally in the process of treatment:
Local anesthesia vs. general anesthesia
Treatment Strategies
These are different kinds of general treatment strategies: